CART - Computer Assisted Realtime Translation utilized the skills of persons trained in court stenograpyh and technology to offer translation of speech into print readable on a computer monitor or television screen. It is especially useful for late-deafened persons who do not know sign language.

Culturally Deaf - This term is usually used to refer to those born deaf or those who became deaf before learning language. Culturally Deaf people communicate in American Sign Language (ASL), and belong to the Deaf Community. The Deaf Community has its own activities and organizations. Deaf people usually use sign language interpreters to communicate with hearing people and consider deafness a culture, not a disability.

Hard of hearing - This term is usually used to refer to those who are able to understand speech though the ear with the help of hearing aids and/or assistive listening devices (ALDs). Loss may be mild, moderate or severe, and affects one-third of those over 65. Hard of hearing people usually belong to the hearing community, and may be ashamed of their hearing loss as well as socially isolated. They rarely know sign language and may attempt to adapt through the use of speechreading, although only 30% of English sounds are visible on the lips.

Late-deafened - This term is usually used to refer to those who became deaf after learning spoken language. They have usually been raised in the hearing community and their deafness disrupts relationships, career and hobbies. Some may have cochlear implants to increase the effectiveness of hearing speech. Some may learn sign language, although most do not, and may need CART

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